Friday 20 January 2017

Information Literacy

Seldom one hears / read “Information Literacy” in Media. I came across this word while reading interview of Carla Hayden (14th Librarian of Congress) in The New York Times.

I don’t think, ever a librarian name gets mentioned in Indian Newspaper / Media.

For many who don’t know what is Information Literacy?

Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to "recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information."

It is supposed that Librarian job is one of the dullest and lifeless professions an individual can think of.

I wish to reproduce (from Book: Still a Man’s World: Men Who Do Women’s work by Christine L. Williams) here an article appeared in Library Journal titled “The Male Librarian – An Anomaly”:

“…..Library work is fine, they agree, but they smile and shake their heads benevolently and charitably, as if it was unnecessary to add that it is one of the dullest, most poorly paid, unrewarding , off beat activities any man could be consigned to. If you have a heart condition, if you’re physically handicapped in other ways, well such a job is a blessing. And for women there’s no question library work is fine; there are some wonderful women in libraries and we all ought to be thankful to them. But let’s face it, no healthy man of normal intelligence should go into it.”

I think this assessment is held about a librarian post even today. It is hard to believe that above article appeared in 1959.

I enjoyed reading interview of Carla and thank The New York Times for conducting it.  The best part of interview is the headline for this post i.e. Information Literacy. Information Literacy was taken up when she was answering to an important question:

Do you think libraries can help in this epidemic of fake news and lack of trust in the media? 

I think the good thing about the discussion is that there’s a discussion about what’s fake and what’s real. There’s awareness that there is such a thing. Librarians have been pounding on this issue in a different way for a while — that just having computer literacy is great, but as information professionals, we’re always looking at what’s the most authoritative source for the information and teaching information literacy. It’s great to have all this stuff, but you need to teach how to use the library in schools. They need to be teaching information literacy as soon as the kid can push a button.

It is far more important to teach Information Literacy as it is completely absent in most of the adult not just kid.

Reference:



Tuesday 10 January 2017

Mondelez India - Governance Issues

Note: Mondelez India was erstwhile known as Cadbury India.
“A civil settlement, also termed a civil settlement, occurs when the plaintiff in a civil case agrees to stop legal action and the right to pursue recourse in exchange for agreed upon terms. The terms in a civil settlement may include payment or an agreement to perform or cease actions.”

Business Standard (January 10, 2017): “Mondelez, Cadbury to pay $13 mn to settle with SEC in India bribery probe”
According to SEC:
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Release No. 79753 / January 6, 2017 and ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING ENFORCEMENT Release No. 3841 / January 6, 2017.
Respondent I.e. Modelez, Cadbury have submitted Offers of Settlement (without denying / admitting the finding) with SEC and SEC have accepted it.
SEC Release states Mondelez / Cadbury paid Agent for obtaining licenses and approvals for production expansion of chocolate factory at Baddi , Himachal Pradesh, India. It is believed that the agent may have paid to obtain in a improper way, licenses and approval from Government.
The amount involved and paid to the agent was USD 90,666 (after Withholding tax deduction).
Queries and Action from Indian Regulatory Bodies
This method of payment to contractor is adopted by MNC, to avoid getting mentioned under Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
Some questions remain unanswered:
If agent paid part amount to Government authorities then Mondelez India / Cadbury should be forced to divulge the Agent Name / Government representative and the Amount paid to Government Officer, if any.
Indian regulatory body should impose penal sanction on Cadbury India for such dubious payments and should ask them to disclose it in their Annual Report / Website that they entered into Settlement of USD 13 million for reasons mentioned in the SEC Release.
Is it a bribe payment?
It appears bribe payment since SEC release states:
“Agent No. 1 formed a sole proprietorship on January 1, 2010, located on the same premises as the tile and marble business. On February 25, 2010, Agent No. 1 opened a bank account for his new business at the State Bank of India.”
“From February 2010 to July 2010, Agent No. 1 submitted five invoices totaling $110,446 to Cadbury India for “providing consultation, arrange statutory/government prescribed formats of applications to be filed for the various statutory clearances, documentation, preparation of files and the submission of the same with govt. authorities”
Conclusion
It seems India have a long way to go when it comes to identification of such payments and take action on it.
Hope our regulators Securities and Exchange Board of India, Company Law Board takes action on Mondelez India.
Reference:



Friday 6 January 2017

Wake up ( Indian ) Graduates

A shocker for Indian graduates especially from elite universities like IIT’s, IIM’s if they managed to see this video from Princeton University.

Surprising this video is old i.e. dated 2011 and I believe this will be difficult for Indian Graduates to even think about carrying such activity. 

I still hope Indian Graduates will be inspired and do something different. I am an Optimist.

The video is anti recruitment protest carried out by select Princeton Graduates against JP Morgan and Goldman Sachs. This was in response to the 2008 financial crisis inflicted upon world by Wall Street Executives.

I congratulate the Graduates (very late) for such a bold move. It will be interesting to know where these graduates protesting are employed today.


JP Morgan:


Goldman Sachs:



References:




Thursday 5 January 2017

Where are Independents?

A Member of Parliament who does not belong to or represent a political party is called an Independent according to Factsheet 3.18 regarding The Role of an Independent Member of Parliament (Government Australia).

It seems in India the role of independents has reduced drastically since independence. It becomes important to note that if you want to win an election in India, better be associated with a political party.

Below graph shows the participation of independents in Lok Sabha (India Lower House):














Figures for the above chart:

Lok Sabha
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Independent
36
25
20
35
15
7
4
9
8
1
11
6
7
6
11
3
Total
543
534
540
553
553
557
566
567
534
555
551
546
568
585
560
541

Source for above chart and table: 
The reduction of independents results into:
- Lack of independent decision makers regarding political issues
- Increase in the party members who will follow the high command diktat
 Lesser confidence of success for ordinary citizens standing in elections as independent

As a citizen I believe percentage of independents should not have reduced.

Further, let us see where women as a percentage of total members of Lok Sabha have fared:

Lok Sabha
Total Members
Women
%
1
543
24
4%
2
534
24
4%
3
540
37
7%
4
553
33
6%
5
553
28
5%
6
557
21
4%
7
566
32
6%
8
567
45
8%
9
534
28
5%
10
555
42
8%
11
551
41
7%
12
546
44
8%
13
568
52
9%
14
586
52
9%
15
560
64
11%
16
539
63
12%
Source: Same as mentioned in independents.
Considering female gender being 47% (approximately) of population and with removal of women parliamentarians (relatives - i.e. female) of existing male politicians there is gross under representation of women in public policy making.  
Here we have to understand that oldest political party in India was / is led by women for a long period i.e. Indira Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi.

References: